Al-Azhar University; Faculty of AgricultureAl-Azhar Journal of Agricultural Research1110-156347220221201Comparative morphological and chemical studies on some verbenaceous plants in Egyptدراسات مورفولوجيةة وكميائية مقارنة على بعض نباتات الفصيلة الفربينية في مصر1927782610.21608/ajar.2022.277826ENA. M.BakrDepartment of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.A. G.El-GendyMedicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.A. M.El-TaherDepartment of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.E. H.El- KafafiDepartment of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20220701The current research attempts to survey the implications of interweaving macro and micro-morphological characters, and chemical constituents of six taxa belonging to family Verbenaceae namely; <em>Duranta erecta, Gmelina arborea, Lantana montevidensis, Tectona grandis, Verbena hybrid </em>and<em> Vitex trifolia</em> grown in different areas in Egypt, and to come up with valuable taxonomic differentiation among these taxa. Leave shape, apex, base, and venation were included in the macro-morphological investigation, while leaf epidermal cells, stomata, and trichomes were included in the micro-morphological study. The characteristics of the studied taxa were: herbs as <em>Verbena hybrid</em>, shrubs as <em>Duranta erecta, Lantana montevidensis </em>and<em> Vitex trifolia</em> and trees as <em>Gmelina arborea </em>and<em> Tectona grandis</em>. Stem solid, erect in all taxa except in<em> Verbena hyprid</em> it was prostrate. Leaves were simple in all taxa except the leaves of Vitex trifolia, it was compound. Hairs were unicellular or multicellular, branched or unbranched and glandular or non-glandular. The stomatal types in the studied taxa were diacytic, anisocytic and anomocytic. The main chemical constituents were alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, phytosterols and terpenes were found in all taxa except <em>Vitex trifolia</em>.https://ajar.journals.ekb.eg/article_277826_1f8ffe00818504a16dfb02928914e729.pdfAl-Azhar University; Faculty of AgricultureAl-Azhar Journal of Agricultural Research1110-156347220221201Comparative botanical studies on four genera of family Convolvulaceaeدراسات نباتية مقارنة علي أربعة أجناس من الفصيلة العلاقية102527782710.21608/ajar.2022.277827ENM. H.FaridDepartment of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agricultural, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20220801This study was conducted on 10 speciesrepresenting 4generabelonging to Convolvulaceae.These specieswere <em>Ipomoea batatas, I. cairica, I. carnea, I. pes-caprea, I. tricolor</em>,<em> Convolvulus arvensis,</em> <em>C. scammonia</em>, <em>Cuscuta chinensis,</em> <em>C. pedicellata</em> and<em> Cressa</em> <em>cretica</em>. The study was done on the morphological and anatomical characters of stems, leaves and flowers. The results were recorded in the form of a comparison among the examined taxa. All the examined species were chlorophyllous except only two taxa<em> Cuscuta</em> <em>chinensis</em> and<em> Cuscuta pedicellata</em> that were parasite. <em>Cressa</em> <em>cretica</em> is perennial, however <em>Cuscuta chinensis</em> and<em> Cuscuta pedicellata</em> were annual. The herb species were <em>Convolvulus arvensis,</em> <em>C. scammonia</em>, <em>Cuscuta chinensis,</em> <em>C. pedicellata</em> and<em> Cressa</em> <em>cretica</em>. The shrub species was <em>Ipomoea</em> <em>carnea</em>. All the investigated species have weak stems in various forms; either twining as <em>Convolvulus arvensis </em>or prostrate stem as <em>Ipomoea pes-caprea</em>, while <em>Ipomoea</em> <em>carnea </em>and<em> Cressa cretica</em> have erect stems. The leaves of the majority of taxa were simple as in<em> Ipomoea cairica </em>except <em>Cuscuta chinensis </em>and <em>Cuscuta pedicellata</em> were leafless. The leaves were unlobed as in <em>Convolvulus arvensis, C. scammonia,</em> <em>Cressa</em> <em>cretica, Ipomoea</em> <em>carnea</em> and <em>Ipomoea pes-caprea. </em>The lobed leaves were found in<em> Ipomoea cairica, I. batatas</em> and<em> I. tricolor</em>. The leaves were hastate in<em> Convolvulus arvensis</em>, cordate in<em> Ipomoea</em> <em>carnea</em>, palmately-lobed in<em> Ipomoea cairica</em> andorbicular in<em> Ipomoea pes-caprea</em>. The flowers present in an inflorescence in most taxa such as <em>Ipomoea tricolor </em>or in solitary status as in<em> Convolvulus arvensis</em>. The anatomical study shows that the stem center in the cross section was solid in all taxa, except<em> Ipomoea</em> <em>carnea that</em> was hollow. The leaves mesophyll consists of palisade and spongy tissue in most of the plants or palisade tissue only as in<em> Convolvulus</em> <em>scammonia</em> and<em> Ipomoea carnea</em>.https://ajar.journals.ekb.eg/article_277827_8bde2cb218b4361d999083d71f29fa8c.pdfAl-Azhar University; Faculty of AgricultureAl-Azhar Journal of Agricultural Research1110-156347220221201Taxonomic Studies on the Flowers and Fruits of Some Solanoideae Plants in Egyptدراسات تقسيمية على أزهار وثمار بعض نباتات تحت الفصيلة الباذنجانية في مصر263727782810.21608/ajar.2022.277828ENIbrahimMansyDepartment. Of Agri. Botany, Fac. of Agri., Al-Azhar. Univ., Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20221001This study is conducted on 18 species representing 6 genera belonging to Solanoideae (Solanaceae). These genera are: <em>Capsicum</em> (2 spp.), <em>Datura</em> (3 spp.), <em>Hyoscyamus</em> (2 spp.), <em>Lycium</em> (2 spp.), <em>Physalis</em> (3 spp.) and <em>Solanum</em> (6 spp. (. The plant samples are collected from various floristic regions in Egypt. The study is done on the morphological characters of flowers, inflorescences, fruits and seeds. The results are recorded in the form of comparison between the examined plants. The results showed that the flowers solitary as in <em>Physalis peruviana</em> or in cymes inflorescences as in <em>Hyoscyamus muticus</em>. Calyx consists of 5 sepals as in <em>Solanum nigrum</em> or more as in <em>Solanum lycopersicum</em>; campanulate. They are tubular, cub-shaped or plate- shaped. Corolla rotate, funnel- shaped or stellate shaped; lobes 5 or more usually equal or unequal in length and size. Stamens epipetalous is in all the examined plants. The number of the stamens is as many as the lobes of corolla and it is alternate with them; 5 stamens as in <em>Solanum nigrum</em> or more than 5 as in <em>Solanum</em><em>lycopersicum</em>; dehiscing longitudinally or by apical pores. Pollen grains spherical as in <em>Physalis angulata </em>or oblate as in <em>Hyocyamus muticus.</em> Tri-colporate in all the studied samples as in <em>Hyoscymus muticus </em>except <em>Physalis angulata</em> whichhas four apertures. The ovary has various shapes; ovate as in <em>Capsicum annuum</em>, oblong as in <em>Hyoscymus muticus </em>or globular as in <em>Physalis peruviana</em>; glabrous, hairy or spiny. Placentation either axile or free central. Fruit capsule as in<em> Datura stramonium</em> or berry <em>Lycium shawii</em>. Seeds shape ovate, reniform, oblong or globose, testa smooth, curly or hairy.https://ajar.journals.ekb.eg/article_277828_2c77571f9a040e8a665aab2c02584a71.pdfAl-Azhar University; Faculty of AgricultureAl-Azhar Journal of Agricultural Research1110-156347220221201Study of phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of Nigella Sativa L. and Matricaria Chamomilla L.الحبة السوداء ، البابونج ، القلويات ، التانينات ، الفينولات ، الصابونينات ، الفلافونويدات.385127782910.21608/ajar.2022.277829ENAlsayed E.MekkyBotany and Microbiology Department Faculty of Science Al-Azhar University0000-0002-2377-5170Journal Article20220801<em>Nigella sativa </em>L. and <em>Matricaria chamomilla</em> L. are used widely as traditional medicine since ancient ages because they contain some substances believed to have antitumor, anti-oxidants, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. <strong>Objective:</strong> to assess the quantitative assay for alkaloids, tannins, phenolic acids, saponins and flavonoids in <em>Nigella sativa </em>L. and <em>Matricaria chamomilla</em> L. extracts with evaluation of their antimicrobial activity. <strong>Results:</strong> the quantitative assay for <em>Nigella sativa </em>L. and <em>Matricaria chamomilla</em> L. extracts were total flavonoids (295.21±0.51 and 263.12±1.05 rutin Eq/g DW), total phenolic acids (388.60±1.02 and 302.10±0.88 μg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/mg DW), total tannins (1.23±0.11 and 1.33±0.13%), total saponins (1.71±0.10 and 1.66±0.16%)and total alkaloids (2.01±0.20 and 1.07±0.14 %), respectively. Based on the observed results, <em>Nigella sativa </em>L. and <em>Matricaria chamomilla</em> L. extracts contain active anti-microbial substances. Diameters of the inhibition zones of <em>Nigella sativa </em>L. and <em>Matricaria chamomilla</em> L. extracts were about (17 and 15 – 14 and 18 – 8 and 8 – 12 and 10 – 15 and 13 – 16 and 14 mm) against <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, <em>Staphylococcus haemolyticus</em>,<em> Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Candida albicans</em> and <em>Candida glabrata</em>respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentrations MICs of <em>Nigella sativa </em>L. against the bacterial and candida strains ranged from 250 μg/ml to 500 μg/ml and MLCs ranged from 500 μg/ml to 1000 μg/ml. where the MICs values of <em>Matricaria chamomilla</em> L. against the bacterial and candida strains ranged from 500 μg/ml to 1000 μg/ml and minimum lethal concentrations MLCs ranged from 1000 μg/ml to 2000 μg/ml. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> this study demonstrates the <em>Nigella sativa </em>L.<em> Matricaria chamomilla</em> L. efficacy as an therapeutic agents in the treatment of many microbial diseases to provide a comprehensive guide for pathologistshttps://ajar.journals.ekb.eg/article_277829_a5943488989125e2a553cdd61576f955.pdfAl-Azhar University; Faculty of AgricultureAl-Azhar Journal of Agricultural Research1110-156347220221201Antifungal activity of Streptomyces Bungoensis (BF26) Against Alternaria Sesame, Fusarium Oxysporum and Rhizoctonia Solani in Vitroالنشاط التضادي للفطريات من Streptomyces bungoensis (BF26) ضد Alternaria sesame, Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani526227783010.21608/ajar.2022.277830ENSameh AbdelhafeezElshamyDemonstrator at the Department of Agricultural Botany (Microbiology Branch), Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt0000-0003-0498-5778Journal Article20220801Many<em> Streptomyces </em>species are effective as biological controls for many pathogenic fungi. The research on new biocontrol principles for some phytopathogenic species that aren't as effective as traditional fungicides have sparked global interest. The<em> Streptomyces</em> genus is responsible for most of all known antibiotics. These are used in various fields such as medical and agricultural settings. <em>Streptomyces </em>was isolated from soils obtained from different sites in Egypt. Antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi was tested on 65 isolates, i.e., <em>Alternaria sesame</em>, <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em>, and <em>Rhizoctonia solani</em>. The <em>Streptomyces </em>isolate BF26 showed the highest antifungal activity against the investigated fungi by dual culture bioassay and paper disc diffusion techniques. Biochemical, microscopy, and morphological procedures were used to characterise them better. The results showed that the isolate BF26 was gram-positive and belonged to members of the <em>Streptomyces </em>genus. Based on DNA sequences using 16S rRNA, the data showed that the isolate BF26 belonged to<em> Streptomyces bungoensis</em>. The isolate BF26 was saved in the NCBI Gene nucleotide sequence database with the accession numbers ON130197.https://ajar.journals.ekb.eg/article_277830_898cc2a597269e62c9c29b6f5d2d15f7.pdfAl-Azhar University; Faculty of AgricultureAl-Azhar Journal of Agricultural Research1110-156347220221201Numerical analysis study on some taxa of Caesalpinoideae and Mimosoideaeدراسة التحليل العددي لبعض وحدات المنتمية للبقمية والطلحية634727783310.21608/ajar.2022.277833END. M.El KholyBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Girls)Journal Article20220901A traditional of eighty-nine characters recorded comparatively representing nineteen taxa of Fabaceae (Leguminosae); eleven taxa belong to three genera of Caesalpinoideae and eight taxa to four genera of Mimosoideae. The characters drawn from vegetative and floral features, in addition to description for the sculpture patterns of the pollen grains and seed coat by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) of the examined taxa. Data matrix subjected to numerical analysis using statistical programs PRIMER (software, version 6.0) and PC-ord version 5 for windows. The dendrograms obtained from this analysis split the examined taxa into two major clusters: the 1<sup>st</sup> cluster contains representative taxa of the Caesalpinoideae, while the 2<sup>nd</sup> one includes the representative taxa of the Mimosoideae. The results also agreed with the previous study, which gathered genus <em>Senna</em>, and <em>Cassia</em> within tribe Cassieae (subtribe Cassiinae); genus <em>Dichrostachys</em> and <em>Prsopis</em> within tribe Mimoseae and <em>Albizia lebbeck </em>and<em> Calliandra haematocephala </em>within tribe Ingeae. While separated genus <em>Ceratonia siliqua </em>in different group within tribe Cassieae (subtribe Ceratoniinae).https://ajar.journals.ekb.eg/article_277833_701f8746bee6d54f0244d36977e33dbf.pdfAl-Azhar University; Faculty of AgricultureAl-Azhar Journal of Agricultural Research1110-156347220221201Efficacy of certain chemical and bio-insecticides on potato tuber moth (PTM), Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) under laboratory conditionsفعالية بعض المبيدات الكيمياوية الحيوية على فراشة درنات البطاطس Phthorimaea operculella تحت ظروف المعمل.758427783410.21608/ajar.2022.277834ENA. H.Gamal El-dinDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20220801The potato tuber moth <em>Phthorimaea operculella</em> (Zeller) is the most destructive pest of potato crop in Egypt. The effect of six compounds on this insect was studied under laboratory conditions. These compounds were Tracers 24% SC (spinosad), Coragen 20% SC (chlorantraniliprole)<strong>, </strong>Malathion 57% EC (malathion) and three different commercial formulations from <em>Bacillus thuringiensis</em> such as Agerin 6.5% W.P., Dipel 2x 6.4% WP and Protecto 9.4% WP. The LC<sub>50</sub> values of the tested compounds were 0.2008, 0.8257, 1.0445, 0.1568, 0.2525 and 0.1844 ppm, respectively. These experiments were carried out in the same Department. Dipel 2x, Protecto and Agerin prolonged the duration of larval stage significantly when compared with other tested treatments including control, respectively. However, the tested compounds reduced the pupation rate when compared with the control, while, the highest pupation were 60% for both Malathion and Protecto insecticides, 56.67% for Dipel 2x, 53.33% for Agerin, 46.67% for Coragen and 43.33% for Tracer. The number of adults was significantly reduced in all treatments comparing with the untreated. Moreover, Tracer, Coragen and Malathion were significantly prolonged females preoviposition period compared to control. On the other hand, Tracer treatment was a significantly elongated oviposition comparing with reminds treatments including control. Moreover, there were significant decreases in the number of eggs laid females<sup>-1</sup> resulted from Tracer, Protecto, Agerin and Dipel 2x treatments, respectively. Also, there were high reduction percentages in eggs hatchability with Coragen treatment. Coragen have the highest significant elongation of life span when compared with other treatments including the untreated control.https://ajar.journals.ekb.eg/article_277834_10aa359e2f6cd896f2d4c1982c71ae26.pdfAl-Azhar University; Faculty of AgricultureAl-Azhar Journal of Agricultural Research1110-156347220221201Control of root rot diseases in faba bean crop under field conditionمكافحة أمراض أعفان الجذور فى الفول البلدي تحت الظروف الحقلية859727783610.21608/ajar.2022.277836ENAhmed MostafaZohirplant protection faculty of agriculture al azhar universityJournal Article20220801Field experiments were conducted in a private farm at Abia El-Hamra Village, El-Delengat district, El-Beherah Governorate to evaluate the efficacy of five chemical fungicides and three bioagents on root rot diseases caused by <em>Fusarium solani </em>and<em> Rhizoctonia solani</em> in faba bean (<em>vicia faba</em>) (cv. Sakha 716) under field conditions during the two consecutive growing seasons (2018-2019 and 2019-2020). The tested fungicides were carbendazim (Nasr Zim 50% W.P), thiram (No-Blight 50% WP), carboxin+ thiram (Tendro 40% FS), tolclofos-methyl + thiram (Rizolex-T 50% WP) and fludioxonil +mefenoxam (Maxim XL 3.5%). The used bioagents were: <em>Bacillus megaterium </em>(Bio- Arc 6% WP), <em>Trichoderma album </em>(Bio-Zeid 2.5% WP) and <em>Trichoderma harzianum </em>{(Plant guard), (30 million spores cm<sup>-3</sup>,}. All treatments were applied at three rates of applications 1, 2 and 3gm or ml formulated material Kg<sup>-1 </sup>of seeds. The results clearly indicated that chemical fungicides were more effective than biofungicides. The higher rates were the most effective particularly, tolclofos-methyl + thiram, carboxin+ thiram and fludioxonil +mefenoxam. Theyignificantly (<em>P= 0.05</em>) reduced the pre- and post-emergence rotted roots, increased the survival plants and subsequently increased yield and some agronomic traits in comparison with the untreated control.https://ajar.journals.ekb.eg/article_277836_411cd5980bfb2005e4f985b2ac0858b7.pdfAl-Azhar University; Faculty of AgricultureAl-Azhar Journal of Agricultural Research1110-156347220221201Field evaluation of certain treatments on rice blast diseaseالتقييم الحقلى لبعض المعاملات على مرض اللفحة فى الأرز9811227783710.21608/ajar.2022.277837ENA. M.ShomeetDepartment of plant protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azher University, Cairo,EgyptJournal Article20220801Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of five fungicides, one commercial biofungicide and one bioagent against rice blast disease under field conditions during the two summers of consecutive seasons (2020 and 2021). The tested fungicides were Beam (75% WP) tricyclazole, Fuji-one (40% EC) isoprothiolane, Score (25% EC) difenoconazole, Leader (45% EC) prochloraz and Nativo (75% WG) tebuconazole 50 + trifloxystrobin 25 each at two rates (75 and 100 gm, 300 and 400 cm<sup>3</sup>, 150 and 200 cm<sup>3</sup>, 300 and 400 cm<sup>3</sup> and 150 and 200 gm, 200 L<sup>-1</sup>, respectively). The biofungicide Plant guard (30 million cell ml<sup>-1</sup>) (<em>Trichoderma harzianum</em>) applied at two rates (375 and 500 ml, 200 L<sup>-1</sup>) and the bioagent isolated from soil (<em>Trichoderma harzianum</em> 1×10<sup>9</sup> spores × ml<sup>-1</sup>) applied at two rates (375 and 500 ml, 200 L<sup>-1</sup>). Each chemical fungicide, biofungicide and isolated bioagent was applied as foliar spraying 2 times per season<sup>-1</sup>. The results clearly indicated that chemical fungicides were significantly more effective than the biofungicides and isolated bioagent, and all the tested compounds particularly Nativo (75% WG) and Score (25% EC) significantly reduced incidence and severity of leaf and panicle blast disease in rice and subsequently increased a rice biological yield, grain yield and straw yield in comparison with the untreated control. Also, <em>T. harzianum</em> isolated was more effective than commercial product plant guard. The higher rate of application in all treatments gave higher reduction of the rice blast disease, and subsequently higher yield. https://ajar.journals.ekb.eg/article_277837_0b038fc7c31eb1a3ff9c41d239f8cf21.pdfAl-Azhar University; Faculty of AgricultureAl-Azhar Journal of Agricultural Research1110-156347220221201Effect of deficit irrigation on some growth parameters, yield and water productivity of broad bean cropتأثير الرى الناقص على بعض قياسات المحصول وإنتاجية المياه لمحصول الفول11312027783910.21608/ajar.2022.277839ENMohamed Ahmed MohamedWanasجامعة الازهر، کلية الزراعة، قسم الأراضى والمياهJournal Article20220801This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of the deficit irrigation on some growth parameters, crop productivity and crop water productivity of broad bean crop (Nubaria 1) during winter seasons of (2018/2019) and (2019/2020) in Faculty of Agriculture farm (Latitude of 30<sup>0</sup> 25<sup>\</sup> 10.9N and longitude of 30<sup>0</sup> 32<sup>\</sup> 34.2 E, mean altitude 32 meters above sea level), Al-Azhar University, El-Sadat City, Monufyia Governorate, Egypt. The experiment was a randomized complete block design The irrigation system was used under drip irrigation system. The plant growth periods are divided into three stages: vegetative growth stage (S<sub>1</sub>), flowering stage (S<sub>2</sub>) and seed filling stage (S<sub>3</sub>). The irrigation treatments are 100% of ET<sub>crop < /sub> (DI<sub>1</sub>) in all growth periods as a control, 85% of ET<sub>crop < /sub> (DI<sub>2</sub>) in one of the growth periods, then complete the remaining growth periods by 100% of ET<sub>crop < /sub> and 70% of ET<sub>crop < /sub> (DI<sub>3</sub>) in one of the growth period, then complete the remaining growth periods by 100% of ET<sub>crop < /sub>. The water requirements of broad bean crop were calculated from data of Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate using CROPWAT 8.0 program. The results showed that the highest values of growth parameters (plant length, leaves number and dry weight) and yield of broad bean were obtained after irrigated by 100% of ET<sub>crop < /sub> followed by treatments which were irrigated with 85% of ET<sub>crop < /sub> at flowering stage without significant difference between them when compared to other treatments. The water productivity of 70% of ET<sub>crop < /sub> treatments is higher than the other treatments, although the yield of these treatments is the lowest compared to 100% and 85%.https://ajar.journals.ekb.eg/article_277839_74c04712ca6d28cf20fa63ed2e989b01.pdfAl-Azhar University; Faculty of AgricultureAl-Azhar Journal of Agricultural Research1110-156347220221201Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on yield of broad bean plant grown on West Delta regionتأثير الأسمدة المعدنية والعضوية على محصول الفول البلدى المنزرع في منطقة غرب الدلتا12113227784210.21608/ajar.2022.277842ENEslamMohamedAzhar universityJournal Article20220901A filed experiment was conducted to study the influence of organic and inorganic fertilizers on productivity and nutrients contents of Faba bean plants (<em>Vicia faba, </em>L) grown on three locations at West Delta Egypt, Kafr El Waq, Housh Issa (S<sub>1</sub>) and El Lohom Nubaria (S<sub>2</sub>) are located in El Behira Governorate and the third one is the farm of Faculty of Agriculture Al-Azhar university in EL-Sadate City; El Monoufia Governorate (S<sub>3</sub>), during winter season of 2018-2019 years. The results revealed that applying organic and inorganic fertilizers significantly increased straw yield, seeds yield, weight of 100 seeds and nutrients contents of the grown faba bean plants. The values record at S<sub>1</sub> were higher than those attained at S<sub>2</sub> in where corresponding values were achieved higher than those achieved at S<sub>3</sub>. The values were 4949.784 and 4940.784 and 4761.952 k/ha for straw yield at S<sub>1</sub>, S<sub>2</sub> and S<sub>3</sub> sites respectively corresponding to 4914.062, 4637.065 and 4536.677 kg/ha for seed yield at the same respective sites and 109.801, 107.033 and 107.018 g for weight of 100 seeds at S<sub>1</sub>, S<sub>2</sub> and S<sub>3, </sub>respectively.The highest values for N concentration in straw were1.67, 1.57 and 1.62%corresponding to N uptake values of 62.00, 58.18 and 57.86 kg/ha at S<sub>1</sub>, S<sub>2</sub> and S<sub>3, </sub>respectively. Likewise, the highest values of nitrogen concentration in seeds were 3.56, 3.44 and 3.31%corresponding to the highest N uptake values of 131.21, 119.64 and 112.62 kg/ha at S<sub>1</sub>, S<sub>2</sub> and S<sub>3, </sub>respectively.https://ajar.journals.ekb.eg/article_277842_74353a7db8cc0cc0af753f51d3738095.pdfAl-Azhar University; Faculty of AgricultureAl-Azhar Journal of Agricultural Research1110-156347220221201Effect of some soil amendments and irrigation water salinity on wheat plant and some Soil Characteristicsتأثير بعض مصلحات التربة وملوحة مياه الري على نبات القمح وبعض خواص التربة13314227784710.21608/ajar.2022.277847ENH. A.El-NahasDepartment of Soil and water -Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20220901This study aims to evaluate the effects of some soil amendments (biochar, vinasses and humic acid) and irrigation water salinity application on some properties of sandy loom soil and wheat plant (<em>Triticum aestivum</em>) grains Giza (156) growth. Wheat was grown in the soil with rates of different amendments (0.0), (5000) and (10000) kg/fed weight of biochar (B), which was produced from local woad under pyrolysis conditions. Vinasses (V) were added at three different rates: (0.0), (100), (200) and (300) kg per fed, while humic acid (H) was added at a rate of (0.0) and (100) kg fed. The wheat plant was planted in a sandy loom soil in pots, the size of the pots where 50 cm by 70 cm, so it carried 14 kg of soil. Moisture was maintained at field capacity by weight with different modified saline water (400,1500 and 3000 ppm). The wheat plant was harvested after 160 days. The plant samples were collected to estimate plant height, straw, and grain weight. soil samples were also collected and analyzed for the change in physicochemical properties. The results indicated that the applications of organic amendments slightly increased soil organic carbon and cation exchange capacity, but it significantly increased plant height, straw weight and grain weight of wheat by addition of organic amendments, while it decreased soil bulk density. Saline water had a negative effect on both the cultivated plant and the chemical properties of the soil. The best treatment was recorded when biochar using at a rate from (10) tons per fed with (300) kg of vinasses to reduce all saline water levels. The results suggested that the applications of organic amendments in sandy loam soil have benefits to both soil quality and plant growth. https://ajar.journals.ekb.eg/article_277847_9f534a28a1bfa7b796bb65d6100000b6.pdfAl-Azhar University; Faculty of AgricultureAl-Azhar Journal of Agricultural Research1110-156347220221201Estimation of combining ability andgene action for yield characteristics in rice under water-stress conditionsتقدير القدرة على التآلف وطبيعة الفعل الجيني للمحصول في الأرز تحت ظروف الإجهاد المائي14315827784910.21608/ajar.2022.277849ENA. A.HawashDepartment of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20220801Rice maternal lines along for better combining abilities run an effective instrument for increasing rice manufacture. In this study, twenty-four combinations of four female and six male lines began by applying a line × tester mating design. Two different water regimes: regular irrigation and water stress were used to test crosses and their maternal lines. In general, water deficit had a significant impact on yield component characteristics and was regulated by non-additive gene action. As it should have been, the non-additive effects played a big role in the grain yield (GY). The parental line Giza 178 and Sk104 were registered as the best combiners for GY under both conditions. The crosses combinations G.178 × N22, SK107 × IRAT112 and SK104 × AZUCENA showed considerably favorable SCA effects on grain yield. In general, the results of this study revealed that the GCA and SCA are important for the understanding of the genetic components and gene actions of rice yield attributes. As a result, we confirmed the importance of taking these findings into account when selecting superior parents for developing superior hybrid under the water-stress conditions in rice.https://ajar.journals.ekb.eg/article_277849_b4aef7bc95ca79bdaa8372b9cc2b75d3.pdfAl-Azhar University; Faculty of AgricultureAl-Azhar Journal of Agricultural Research1110-156347220221201Effect of using olive pulp supplemented with or without sodium bentonite supplementation on productive performance of broilersتأثير استخدام تفلة الزيتون بدون أو بإضافة الصوديوم بنتونايت على الأداء الإنتاجي لكتاكيت التسمين15917027785010.21608/ajar.2022.277850ENM. A.FarahatDepartment of animal production, faculty of agriculture, Al-Azher University, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20220901A total number of 240 broiler chicks (Cobb<sup>500</sup>) were arranged in a factorial experiment (2x4) with 3 replicates per treatment of 10 chicks per replicate, (5 males + 5 females). Two dietary levels of Sodium Bentonite (SB) namely 0 and 2.5 %, and four dietary levels of olive pulp (OP) namely 0, 5, 10, and 15 %, and their interactions were conducted to study its effects on productive performance and carcass characteristics. The experiment lasted from hatch to 35 days of age. Results indicated that dietary SB 2.5% improved (p≤0.0001) feed conversion ratio (FCR) significantly and decreased (p≤0.0330) total feed intake (FI) significantly, gizzard weight (p≤0.0001) and increased significantly (p≤0.0008) front Parts weight compared to that of 0% level of dietary SB. Results also indicated that 10 or 15% dietary OP decreased non significantly the final body weight (BWT), total body weight gain (BWG), and total FI. The dietary group 10 or 15% dietary OP decreased significantly (p≤0.0003) the abdominal fat compared to that 0 or 5% levels of dietary OP. There were no significant effect either of OP or SB levels on weights of carcass, hind parts, heart, liver and spleen. There were also no significant interactions among all levels of SB and OP on all experiment variables. In conclusion, it could be recommended that the use of dietary SB with level of 2.5% and/or dietary OP with levels up to 15% in broiler feeds have no adverse effects.https://ajar.journals.ekb.eg/article_277850_c9ca8feab37cca0281ce52517aa023cd.pdfAl-Azhar University; Faculty of AgricultureAl-Azhar Journal of Agricultural Research1110-156347220221201Field assessment and association of the management factors affecting Egyptian working donkeys in brick kilns factoriesالتقييم الميداني والعلاقة بين عوامل الإدارة المؤثرة على حمير العمل المصرية في مصانع الطوب17118127785110.21608/ajar.2022.277851ENH. A.AboutalebAnimal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, EgyptM. E.LasheinAnimal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, EgyptA. M.AshourAnimal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, EgyptM. A.TonyDepartment of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20220901Egyptian donkeys are corner stone element of labors in brick kilns factories. The study aims to assess all field variables related to working conditions of working donkeys including the health risk factors, welfare regulations and applying welfare strategies to improve the quality of life of donkeys in brick kilns as well as within communities. The study variables were collected from 84 donkeys extended to include representative random samples of 11 brick kilns. The body condition score ranged from 1 to 4 (1.66±0.365). 67 ± 0.33 (n = 80) of kiln donkeys have wounds, and the most serious wound is a beating wound (37 ± 3.7). Other wounds are related to the harness, such as the breeching (8 ± 1.97), saddle (36 ± 2.17) and neck collar (41 ± 2.00). A poor body condition was seen in almost 35 % of kiln donkeys. The study emphasized the variations in the level of welfare associated with the donkeys in each kiln, along with differences found in the management practices. This with no doubt helped in better understanding of why some kilns have better working environments than others. Future studies could possibly measure the attitudes of donkey handlers in relation to overall donkey welfare. Based on the findings of the current study, we can probably design an effective educational program for the El‐Saf brick kilns, which can be applied to all Egyptian Brick kilns.https://ajar.journals.ekb.eg/article_277851_ce81f8ecf21de10bb2eecb11c58d2f2c.pdfAl-Azhar University; Faculty of AgricultureAl-Azhar Journal of Agricultural Research1110-156347220221201Polymorphisms in the exon-3 of leptin gene using tetra-primer ARMS-PCR in Egyptian buffaloتعدد الأشكال في إكسون 3 لجين اللبتين باستخدام Tetra-primer ARMS-PCR في الجاموس المصري18218527785410.21608/ajar.2022.277854ENF. A.ShararaAnimal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20220801The Egyptian buffalo is one of the Egyptian genetic resources which is irreplaceable and must be preserved, because of its great adaptability to local harsh environmental conditions and resistance to infectious diseases. A total number of 74 blood samples of female Egyptian buffalo were used to assess the allelic and genotypic frequency of G>A SNP at codon 159 of leptin gene. The tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (Tetra-primer ARMS-PCR), a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) technique allows for the simultaneous detection of alleles using a single PCR reaction and gel electrophoresis. Results revealed three genotypes GG, AG, and AA with frequencies of 0.49, 0.39, and 0.12, respectively. Allele frequencies of G and A were found to be 0.69 and 0.31, respectively. For the first time, allelic and genotypic frequency of G>A SNP at codon 159 in Egyptian buffalo was detected with the highest allelic frequency of allele A (0.31). Further studies are needed to provide more information about the association between this SNP and production and reproduction traits.https://ajar.journals.ekb.eg/article_277854_46e3cfaf8f4917351d5dcac7559ac124.pdfAl-Azhar University; Faculty of AgricultureAl-Azhar Journal of Agricultural Research1110-156347220221201Protective effect of Nigella sativa seed extracts against oxytetracycline induced liver and kidney injuries in albino ratsالتأثير الوقائي لمستخلصات بذور حبة البركة ضد إصابات الكبد والكلى التي يسببها OCT في الفئران18619727785610.21608/ajar.2022.277856ENN. M.EL-AkkadAgriculture Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture Ain Shams University,Cairo, Egypt.M. I.SarwatAgriculture Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture Ain Shams University,Cairo, EgyptN. E.AliAgriculture Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture Ain Shams University,Cairo, EgyptM. S.SawyAgriculture Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture Ain Shams University,Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20220801This research aimed to determine the antioxidant activity and protective effects of <em>Nigella sativa</em> seed extracts against liver and kidney injuries induced by oxytetracycline (OTC) in albino rats. Oil extract (NSO) was prepared by cold pressing that contains fixed and essential oil. Essential oil (EO) was also prepared by hydro-distillation; its contents were identified as twenty-six terpenoids. Ethanolic extract (NSET) was also prepared and its contents of phenols and flavonoids were quantified. Antioxidant activity of both NSO and NSET were measured using DPPH and ABTS. The protective effect of each of NSO and NSET against oxidative stress was determined in Albino rats. Results showed that the liver and kidney weight gain at the end of experiment were decreased in the both extracts while increased in the OTC-treated group. Enzymatic antioxidants, SOD, CAT, and G-px, showed a substantial inhibition in OTC-treated group compared with extract-treated groups. Liver function and kidney function parameters as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) level increased significantly in OTC-treated group while they decreased in extract-treated groups. The preventive properties of the extracts were validated in histological investigation of liver and kidney.https://ajar.journals.ekb.eg/article_277856_a25378fd745222ca43c29b8b91747dbf.pdfAl-Azhar University; Faculty of AgricultureAl-Azhar Journal of Agricultural Research1110-156347220221201Production of bio plastic (polyhydroxyalkanoates) from cheese whey by isolated Bacillus cereusإنتاج البلاستيك الحيوي (البولي هيدروكسي الكالونات) من مصل اللبن بواسطة العزلة Bacillus cereus19820727785710.21608/ajar.2022.277857ENAbdelrhaman MohamedKhattabکلية العلوم بنين جامعة الازهر بالقاهرة قسم النبات والميکروبيولوجيJournal Article20220901Bioplastic products represent one of the most important eco-friendly alternatives to petrochemical plastics. Therefore, the study aims at producing polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) using industrial wastes by the most potent bacterial isolate. Seventy-eight isolates were obtained from different localities in Arab Dairy Products Company (Panda, Qalyubia-Egypt). These isolates were subjected to qualitative and quantitative screening tests. Out of these isolates, bacterial isolate BZU-B2 showed the highest production of PHA. The selected strain was identified biochemically as <em>Bacillus cereus</em> by biochemical characterization. Nutritional and physiological factors that influence PHA productions were optimized. Temperature 37 ͦC, whey concentration of 50%, and ammonium chloride 1.5g L were chosen as the best factors in achieving the highest production of PHA 1.63 g/L with a recovery yield of 33.42 (%, w/w) after 96h. The characteristics of extracted PHA were analyzed using FTIR-spectroscopy techniques. This study focused on improving the ability of <em>Bacillus cereus</em> to give a highly purified yield of PHA from whey (a low-cost carbon source). https://ajar.journals.ekb.eg/article_277857_0e815b69d0b5cfbef690f5c7a33f5a91.pdfAl-Azhar University; Faculty of AgricultureAl-Azhar Journal of Agricultural Research1110-156347220221201Effect of encapsulated punica granatum peel extract on physicochemical, sensorial, and rheological properties of mayonnaiseتأثير إستخدام مستخلص قشر الرمان المغُـلف على الخواص الفيزيائية والكيميائية والحسية والريولوجية للمايونيز20822227785810.21608/ajar.2022.277858ENEssamHadyFood Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Egypt.0000-0001-5266-4819Journal Article20220901Double nanoemulsions (DEs), containing pomegranate peel extract (PPE) stabilized with/without carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), were used to prepare reduced-fat and functional mayonnaise samples. The effect of substituting oil in mayonnaise with DEs at different levels (5, 10, and 20%) was evaluated in terms of physicochemical properties, stability, color characteristics, sensory evaluation, and rheological behavior. The results revealed that the use of pomegranate peel extract encapsulated within double emulsion (PPE-DE) and PPE-DE stabilized with CMC (CMC/PPE-DE) in mayonnaise had significant effects on the physicochemical characteristics during storage. All mayonnaise samples had physical and heat stability more than 99%, and the samples containing CMC/PPE-DE exhibited higher stability than that containing PPE-DE. Regarding color attributes, replacing oil with DEs increased the lightness and decreased the yellowness and greenness of the mayonnaise samples as compared to control mayonnaise made without DEs. Furthermore, sensory evaluation of all mayonnaise formulations presented satisfactory acceptance; however, the mayonnaise with CMC/PPE-DE 10% was the best. Eventually, the rheological measurements indicated that all mayonnaise samples exhibited a non-Newtonian, shear-thinning flow behavior, making it more applicable to the food industry.https://ajar.journals.ekb.eg/article_277858_516eacbe3d7a2d41164d1822fe0593e0.pdfAl-Azhar University; Faculty of AgricultureAl-Azhar Journal of Agricultural Research1110-156347220221201Impact of different homogenization methods on properties of tea polyphenol loaded on solid in oil - water emulsionتأثير طرق التجانس المختلفة على خواص فينولات الشاي المحمّل على المادة الصلبة في الزيت في مستحلب الماء.22323227785910.21608/ajar.2022.277859ENAliKorinFood Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20220901Polyphenols of tea origin are prone to oxidation which limits their bioavailability. The unstable nature of polyphenols limits their application in the prevention of major human diseases. Therefore, in the current study, we aimed to encapsulate tea polyphenol powder in (S/O/W) emulsions stabilized by Whey Protein Isolate (WPI) by using three different of homogenization processes, the emulsions were characterized for their physicochemical propertiesincluding particle size distribution, microstructure, mean emulsion size, zeta potential, and physical stability under environmental stress. The finding showed that the encapsulation efficiency of S/O/W emulsion homogenized by high-intensity ultrasound (HIU) had more encapsulation efficiency (95.95 ± 0.14) of tea polyphenol. The HPH and HIU emulsions had minimum droplet size (d3.2) between 0.45 and 0.48 µm respectively and were relatively more stable. We suggest that S/O/W emulsion could be used as an efficient delivery system of tea polyphenol in food for improved stability and bioavailability during storagehttps://ajar.journals.ekb.eg/article_277859_9641275a748d2421da4c1ed72df423b5.pdfAl-Azhar University; Faculty of AgricultureAl-Azhar Journal of Agricultural Research1110-156347220221201Productive performance and some physiological parameters of Japanese quail-fed diets supplemented with different levels of white shaving protein wastes.الأداء الإنتاجي وبعض المقاييس الفسيولوجية للسمان الياباني المُغذى على علائق مدعمه بمستويات مختلفة من مخلفات بروتين جلد المدابغ23324527786010.21608/ajar.2022.277860ENIbrahim Mahmoud Abdel GhaniGhanimafaculty of agriculture al-azhar uni.Journal Article20220901This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the inclusion of thermal white shaving protein (TWSP) and acidic white shaving protein (AWSP) in the diets of Japanese quail on growth performance and some physiological parameters. A total number of 315 unsexed Japanese quail chicks at 7<sup>th</sup> days of age were randomly distributed in a complete randomized block design into 7 dietary treatments of 45 birds each, with three replicates containing 15 birds each. Treatment 1 was fed a control diet, while treatments from two to seven were fed diets containing TWSP and AWSP at levels of 8, 10, and 12% of the total protein in the rations. The groups that fed a diet with 10, 8, and 12% TWSP and 8% AWSP showed higher body weight and body weight gain than the other dietary treatments or the control group (P ≤ 0.05). However, there was a significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in blood constituents, except for PCV%, due to the addition of TWSP and AWSP in the diets compared to the control group. Although the weight of lymphoid organs decreased due to the inclusion of TWSP and AWSP, the immune response was higher in the treatment groups (P ≤ 0.05) than in the control group. Compared to the control group, the best economic efficiencies were observed for the birds-supplemented diets inclusion of TWSP and AWSP. In conclusion, the addition of TWSP and AWSP was completely safe without adversely affecting productive performance, physiological parameters, immunity, and economic efficiency.https://ajar.journals.ekb.eg/article_277860_57a90b4e98657dcc1d68c4b69942c2f1.pdfAl-Azhar University; Faculty of AgricultureAl-Azhar Journal of Agricultural Research1110-156347220221201The future horizons for Egyptian agricultural foreign trade with Africaالآفاق المستقبلية للتجارة الخارجية الزراعية المصرية مع إفريقيا24625327786210.21608/ajar.2022.277862ENA. N.ElbalasyEconomic Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20220901The foreign trade sector in general and the agricultural sector in particular is one of the mainstays of economic activity in Egypt. Egypt is closely linked to the African continent with historical, economic, cultural and geographical ties. The total exports to Africa is about 4.4million, and the total value of imports from Africa is about 2.1 million, during the average period (2017-2019). The research problem is the weak value of trade exchange between Egypt and the countries of the African continent. The results of the research indicated that most of the promising Egyptian agricultural and food commodities exported to Africa enjoy promising future opportunities in the markets of African countries in different regions, which indicates the importance the promising Egyptian agricultural and food exports to these markets .The absence of promising future export opportunities for cheese and its manufactured products exported by Egypt from the markets of the countries of the Central African region in order to increase the intensity of competition in these markets, And then focus on other markets in the African continent, such as the markets of the Arab African countries, and the existence of promising future prospects for the Egyptian food industries in penetrating African markets And that the best agricultural and food commodities in achieving promising future opportunities are vegetables preserved in West African markets (especially in the Nigerian market), Arab markets (especially Libya), and then processed products from cheese.https://ajar.journals.ekb.eg/article_277862_0f7daa31d8db6467bc9c17c70acd3699.pdfAl-Azhar University; Faculty of AgricultureAl-Azhar Journal of Agricultural Research1110-156347220221201The economic effects of varieties technology to improve the wheat crop in Egyptالآثار الاقتصادية لتكنولوجيا الأصناف للنهوض بمحصول القمح في مصر25427027786310.21608/ajar.2022.277863ENE. M.ShabanEconomic Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, CairoJournal Article20220901This research aimed to study the impact of modifying the varietal composition of the wheat crop by proposing a varietal map for it, on the economic efficiency of production, the national economy, the most important economic resources and agricultural production requirements. The main results of the research are as follows: The suggested map of wheat varieties leads to an increase in the average productivity of feddan and the total revenue of feddan by about 2.7%. It will also increase the net revenue of the feddan, the return on the water unit by about 11.5% of their average under the current average productivity. It will also lead to an increase in the total production, the total production value, and the self-sufficiency rate of wheat by about 2.7% of the average of each of them under the current average productivity of wheat. Moreover, it will reduce about 2.7% of the economic resources and agricultural production requirements used under the current average productivity of the Feddan. In light of the research findings, it is recommended to: apply the previously mentioned suggested map of wheat varieties in Egypt, work to encourage specialized research centers and institutes to improve the productivity of the wheat crop by raising the productivity of the varieties recommended by the suggested varietal map on the one hand, and producing new varieties that are higher in productivity on the other handhttps://ajar.journals.ekb.eg/article_277863_a21af14e554d479f915891122c110e05.pdfAl-Azhar University; Faculty of AgricultureAl-Azhar Journal of Agricultural Research1110-156347220221201The competitive situation of Egyptian potato in the most important global marketsالوضع التنافسي للبطاطس المصرية في أهم الأسواق العالمية27128527786410.21608/ajar.2022.277864ENH. A.HamzaEconomic Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, CairoJournal Article20220901The research aims to identify the competitiveness of Egyptian exports of potato in the most important global markets, by studying the following: Indicators of the production and export situation of Egyptian potato, the most important potato exporting and importing countries in the world, the geographical distribution of Egyptian exports of potato, estimating the standards of competitiveness of Egyptian potato in some Global markets, and the most important problems facing Egyptian exports of potato. The research concluded the following most important results: By estimating the penetration rate of the most important Egyptian potato importing markets during the period (2016-2020), it was found that the highest value of the market penetration rate was in the UAE and Greece markets, at a rate of about 0.188, 0.124 as a geometric mean, respectively, while the markets of Lebanon and Italy came in the second rank with a penetration rate of 0.092, 0.027 as a geometric average, respectively, during the same period, then the markets of Russia and Germany came in the last rank with a penetration rate of about 0.010, 0.004 as a geometric average for the same period. The export obstacles to the Egyptian potato crop were also studied according to the opinions of exporters, during the year 2019/2020. The various obstacles facing the Egyptian potato exports were monitored. Standards need to be attended. Communication with research, production and export agencies are needed in order to provide adequate information on foreign marketshttps://ajar.journals.ekb.eg/article_277864_c676e705e544c3e350416c47643007e5.pdfAl-Azhar University; Faculty of AgricultureAl-Azhar Journal of Agricultural Research1110-156347220221201An economic analysis of honeybee farms in Sohag governorateتحليل اقتصادي لمزارع إنتاج عسل النحل في محافظة سوهاج28629827786510.21608/ajar.2022.277865ENA. A.Abd EL- MoneimDepartment of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, EgyptJournal Article20220901The activity of beekeeping is one of the areas that can contribute significantly to the movement of economic and social development, through its contribution of food and medical products, as well as creating job opportunities. The value of honey production amounted to about 217 million pounds, representing about 0.11 % of the total value of animal production, and it represented about 4.20% of the value of agricultural production in 2019. The research aimed to study the current situation of honeybee apiaries, estimate the productive and economic efficiency and financial feasibility of honey production apiaries and identify the most important problems facing honey producers in Sohag Governorate. By studying the production functions of the total research sample, it was found that there is a direct relationship between the quantity of production and each of the number of cells and the number of years of experience, and the coefficient of determination (R2) reached about 0.98, which indicates that about 98% of the changes in production are explained by the elements of the number of cells and years of experience. The model was statistically significant at the level of significance (0,01), and the total elasticity of the function was about (1,32), which means the dominance of the relationship of increasing return on production capacity. By studying the feasibility of the bee honey production projects for the total sample, it was found that the internal rate of return amounted to about 23.51%, and the payback period amounted to about 4.25 years. This is because the opportunity expense is less than the value of the internal rate of return for each.https://ajar.journals.ekb.eg/article_277865_3a7db0a5fae5e35a1d004dede1bc9d70.pdfAl-Azhar University; Faculty of AgricultureAl-Azhar Journal of Agricultural Research1110-156347220221201The administrative efficiency of the private fish farms in fresh water in the Arab Republic of Egyptالكفاءة الإدارية للمزارع السمكية الأهلية بالمياه العذبة في جمهورية مصر العربية19931327786610.21608/ajar.2022.277866ENN. M.SadekEconomic Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20220901The fish sector is one of the important sectors of animal production, which is relied upon to bridge the nutritional gap of animal protein in Egypt. The fish sector includes all natural fisheries, which represent about 20.18%, and fish farming, which represents about 79.82% of the total fish production in Egypt. Management is the most important factor of production in any production unit because it is the element that combines the other elements according to specific systems and monitors the production process in the agricultural production unit. The problem of the research represented in the low productivity as a result of the weakness of the management based on it and its lack of appropriate scientific means and methods that enable it to achieve the highest efficiency in the use of farm resources. The research in estimating the efficiency of farm management relied on analyzing the data envelope. The results showed that only 17 farms out of the total sample of 104 farms achieved technical efficiency, the third category ranked first with 6 technically efficient farms, that the capacity efficiency of the sample farms varied between 0.471-1, and the average was estimated at about 0.96, i.e. These farms can increase their production by 4% with the same amount of resources used. The results also showed that only 9 farms out of the total sample achieved economic efficiency, and the fourth category ranked first with 4 economically efficient farms, and that the economic efficiency of the sample farms came at an average level of 0.878, and this means that these farms can reduce costs by 12.2% and achieve the same level from production.https://ajar.journals.ekb.eg/article_277866_97aeba8f693beb1c4f61efa0c5095dd2.pdfAl-Azhar University; Faculty of AgricultureAl-Azhar Journal of Agricultural Research1110-156347220221201An economic study of the production and marketing risks of the potato crop in Egyptدراسة اقتصادية للمخاطرة الإنتاجية والتسويقية لمحصول البطاطس فى مصر31432627786810.21608/ajar.2022.277868ENM. H.Gamal EldeenEconomic Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo,EgyptJournal Article20220901The research problem was that the production and marketing of agricultural crops in under risk and uncertainty. The research aimed to estimate the production and marketing risk of the potato crop, by studying the production and marketing problems facing potato farmers, and estimating the impact of changes in temperature as one of the most important climatic changes on the productivity of the potato crop. With regard to production problems, it was found that the problem of the spread of diseases and pests came in the first place among the rest of the production problems, as its relative importance reached about 94%, then the problem of high seed prices came in the second place in terms of the extent of the spread of this problem among farmers, reaching its relative importance is about 78%, and in the third place is the problem of the lack of fertilizer courses spent per acre, where its relative importance is about 71%, with regard to marketing problems, it was found that the problem of thigh marketing margins came in the first place among the rest of the other marketing problems, where its relative importance reached about 92%, then the problem of increasing the number of intermediaries came in the second place in terms of the extent of the spread of this problem when marketing the crop, its relative importance was about 83%. Recommends: Necessity of adoption certain strategies to face risks and overcome their effects. Interest in cooperative marketing that there is an effective role for agricultural cooperative societies in promoting crops through aggregation in large quantities. Adequate attention to the export of vegetables under study and the adoption of production policies for export to improve the income of farms.https://ajar.journals.ekb.eg/article_277868_695a1987b3d7442f6a3815bc2c9d3b7d.pdfAl-Azhar University; Faculty of AgricultureAl-Azhar Journal of Agricultural Research1110-156347220221201Farmers adoption of some sustainable agricultural techniques in the area of soil protection and maintenance in Gharbia Governorateتبنى الزراع لبعض تقنيات الزراعة المستدامة فى مجال الحفاظ على التربة وصيانتها بمحافظة الغربية32733927787410.21608/ajar.2022.277874ENI. A.SuleimanDepartment of Agricultural extension and Rural Society, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20220101The research aimed to identify the stages of respondents' adoption to sustainable farming techniques in the area of soil protection and maintenance, and determining the relationship between the studied independent variables and the degree of continuity of farmers’ adoption of sustainable farming techniques in the area of soil protection and maintenance. The research was conducted on a sample consisting of 382 respondents of farmers in Gharbia Governorate. Data were collected using a questionnaire by personal interview with respondents during June and July 2021. Data were analyzed using tables, frequencies, percentages, and simple correlation coefficient. The results showed that only 10.2% of the respondents had a high level of adoption of sustainable agriculture techniques in the field of soil conservation and preservation, and that nearly 48.7% of respondents had a medium level of adoption of these techniques.More than 40.1% of the respondents had low level of adoption of these techniques. With regard to the relationship between the studied variables and the degree of respondents’ adoption of the techniques, it was found that there was a direct correlation at the 0.01 level between the variables of the number of years of education and the area of agricultural holding. It was also found that there was an opposite correlation at the level of 0.05 between the age variable, and a Positive correlation at the level of 0.05 between the variable of attitude towards new ideas.https://ajar.journals.ekb.eg/article_277874_014d7cc6ffa5ce7c24dcb6eb24c47e60.pdfAl-Azhar University; Faculty of AgricultureAl-Azhar Journal of Agricultural Research1110-156347220221201Attitudes of the students of the Faculty of Agriculture in Cairo- Al Azhar University towards self-employmentاتجاهات طلاب كلية الزراعة بالقاهرة جامعة الأزهر نحو العمل الحر34035127787610.21608/ajar.2022.277876ENM. Y.AbouzaidAgricultural Extension and Rural Sociology, faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EgyptM. A.RamadanAgricultural Extension and Rural Sociology, faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20220901The research aimed to identify the attitudes of the students of the Faculty of Agriculture in Cairo, Al Azhar University towards self-employment, and to determine the significance of the relationship between some independent variables of the respondents and their attitudes towards self-employment. This research was conducted on final year students at the Faculty of Agriculture in Cairo, Al Azhar University, and data were collected from a sample of students amounting to 200 respondents by a questionnaire through personal interview with the respondents, during the months of April and May 2021. rFequencies, percentages, the weighted average, Pearson's simple correlation coefficient, and chi-square were used in data analysis. The most important results of the search were as follows: More than two thirds of the respondents (68%) did not receive training courses in the field of self-employment. Half of the respondents (50%) who received training courses their benefit degree from these courses were medium. Nearly half of the respondents (48%) fall into the low-income category. More than half of the respondents’ (50.5%) parents are self-employed. Over two-thirds of them (67.5%), their families do not own small businesses. More than three-fifths of the respondents (61.5%) do not prefer self-employment related to animal production projects. A slightly less percentage, (61%) of them do not prefer self-employment related to plant production, and those who prefer self-employment related to food manufacturing projects are (53%). More than two-fifths of the respondents (43%) have a positive attitude towards self-employment. There is a positive significant relationship at the 0.01 level between the variables of receiving training courses on self-employment, working during the summer vacation, family ownership of small businesses, and the respondents' attitude towards self-employment in general. There is a positive correlation at the 0.01 level between the variables of family income, the level of ambition, and the respondents' attitude towards self-employment in general.https://ajar.journals.ekb.eg/article_277876_66a8719079b2701880a186cc6a1a6130.pdfAl-Azhar University; Faculty of AgricultureAl-Azhar Journal of Agricultural Research1110-156347220221201Citrus Growers Benefits from New Communication Technology Means to Get Extension Recommendations of Its Production in Bustan Area, Behira Governorateاستفادة زراع الموالح من وسائل تكنولوجيا الاتصال المستحدثة للحصول على التوصيات الإرشادية الخاصة بإنتاجها بمنطقة البستان محافظة البحيرة35236527787710.21608/ajar.2022.277877ENB. S.BaroorDepartment of Agricultural extension and Rural Society, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20220901The research is aiming to determine the degree to which the respondents’ farmers benefiting from means of communication technology to Get Extension recommendations for citrus production. The most important results are as follows: the majority of respondents (84.7%) are in advanced ages 41-67 years the majority of respondents (98.7%) have higher and above-average or intermediate qualifications. the majority of respondents their cultivated citrus areas are ranging between 1.25-10 acres. majority of respondents (95.3%) have medium or high degree of innovation. the majority of respondents (97.8%) are members in 1-6 organizations. the majority of respondents (97.8%) have cultural openness between medium and high level and more than four-fifths of the respondents (83.2%), their level of attitude towards agricultural extension are negative and neutral. the majority of respondents (91%) have short and medium citrus cultivation experience ranging between 4-18 years. the majority of respondents, (96.9%), their level of benefits from means of communication technology to get Extension recommendations about citrus production in general are medium and low. There is a positive correlation between the two variables: innovative, membership in rural organizations, and the degree which the respondents’ farmers benefit from means of communication technology to get Extension recommendations for citrus production.https://ajar.journals.ekb.eg/article_277877_1fb9144a7adecf336f99d045227333a5.pdfAl-Azhar University; Faculty of AgricultureAl-Azhar Journal of Agricultural Research1110-156347220221201The guiding role of private agricultural sector companies in the integrated pest control field for whitefly on some vegetable crops in Behira governorateالدور الإرشادى لشركات القطاع الزراعى الخاص فى مجال المكافحة المتكاملة للذبابة البيضاء على بعض محاصيل الخضر بمحافظة البحيرة36637527787810.21608/ajar.2022.277878ENZ. F.IsmailDepartment of Agricultural extension and Rural Society, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20220101The research aimed to determine the performance level of the respondents administrating the private agricultural sector companies for integrated control recommendations of whitefly that infects vegetable crops from the respondents’ and farmer's point of view. The research was conducted in Beheira governorate. Data was collected from two samples: a sample of the studied crops farmers, with a total of 381 respondents, and the second from the administrators of management of private agricultural sector companies, with a total of 115 respondents, by using two questionnaires with personal interview, during August and September 2021. Tables, percentages, and arithmetic mean were used to data analysis and presentation. The most important results were as follows: The vast majority of administrators of private agricultural sector companies respondents (92.1%) believe that they provide awareness to farmers about the recommendations of the whitefly integrated control with a high degree, compared to 59.9% of the respondents of farmers. Nearly three-fifths of the administrators of private agricultural sector companies’ respondents (56.6%) believe that they train farmers on the recommendations of the white fly pest integrated control with an average degree, compared to 47.5% of the respondents of farmers. A little more than half of the administrators of private agricultural sector companies’ respondents (50.5%) believe that their performance degree of following up the farmers' implementation of the recommendations of the whitefly pest integrated control activity was moderate compared to 34.8 % of the respondents of farmershttps://ajar.journals.ekb.eg/article_277878_65e4cddae028c75dbad42e29b4c90ff5.pdfAl-Azhar University; Faculty of AgricultureAl-Azhar Journal of Agricultural Research1110-156347220221201Extension Role of Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate in reducing the negative effects of climate changes on some field crops in the Governorates of Beheira and Kafr El-Sheikhالدور الإرشادى للمعمل المركزى للمناخ الزراعى فى الحد من الآثار السلبية للتغيرات المناخية على بعض المحاصيل الحقلية بمحافظتى البحيرة وكفر الشيخ37639127788010.21608/ajar.2022.277880ENO. H.AbdelhamidDepartment of Agricultural extension and Rural Society, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20220101The research aimed to determine performance degree of Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate extension activities to reduce the negative effects of climatic changes on the studied crops from the perspectives of the respondents working in the Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate and farmers. The research was conducted in the governorates of Beheira and Kafr El-Sheikh, data were collected from 50 respondents of Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate staff, and 285 of farmers using questionnaire with personal interview during November and December 2021. Results were as follows: 54% of the workers in the central laboratory for agricultural climate, and 60% of the farmers believe that the laboratory educate farmers to reduce the negative effects of climate changes. 26 % of the workers in the central laboratory for agricultural climate reported that the laboratory trains studied farms at average degree, and 35.8% of the farmers reported that the laboratory did not train them at all. 50 % of the workers in the central laboratory for agricultural climate reported that the laboratory follow up implementation of the recommendations to reduce the negative effects of climate changes on the studied crops at an average degree, and 35.8% of the farmers reported that the laboratory did not follow up them at all. 42% of workers believe that the laboratory is guiding the farmers to reduce the negative effects of climate changes on the studied crops at an average degree, while 43.7% of the farmers it was a low level.https://ajar.journals.ekb.eg/article_277880_8c0f689aa649664d70a52726e2f8c52e.pdfAl-Azhar University; Faculty of AgricultureAl-Azhar Journal of Agricultural Research1110-156347220221201Globalization impacts on some rural family functions (a study in Wafaeia V illage, Delingat District, Behera Governorate.)اَثار العولمة على بعض وظائف الأسرة الريفية (دراسة بقرية الوفائية مركز الدلنجات- محافظة البحيرة)32940827788210.21608/ajar.2022.277882ENT. A.Abo ElsoudDepartment of Rural Family Development, College of Home Economics, Al- Azhar University, Tanta, Egypt.Journal Article20220901The study aimed mainly to identify the positive and negative impacts of globalization on some rural family functions which are: marriage, education, culture, social control and economic function. The study was conducted on a regular random sample consisted of 361 rural family, In Wafaeia Village, Delingat District, EI- Behera Governorate. Family heads were chosen. They should have at least high education and at least one child in preparatory school. Data were collected by a questionnaire. Descriptive and analytical methodology were used. Some statistical methods were used; (person correlation, T. Test, F. test, multiple correlation and regression. The main findings are: the order of family functions studied according to the predominant mean of respondents perception of positive impacts of globalization on each one were: economic, education, marriage, social control and culture function. But the order of these functions according to negative impacts of globalization were: economic, culture, marriage, social control and education functions. There was multiple correlation relationship between all independent variables combined and respondents’ perception of positive and negative impacts of globalization on each function of the five studied functions. The most important variables that participate in explaining the variance of respondents, perception of positive and negative impacts of globalization on each function of the five studied functions are: aspiration, number of hours watching Internet daily, family month income and number of hours watching satellite channels daily. Some recommendations were stated according to results.https://ajar.journals.ekb.eg/article_277882_09ce9fcd621b0d7ae1d260e8d87f1170.pdfAl-Azhar University; Faculty of AgricultureAl-Azhar Journal of Agricultural Research1110-156347220221201The future anxiety of the university youth and its relationship to social and psychological adaptationقلق المستقبل للشباب الريفي الجامعي وعلاقته بالتكيف الاجتماعي والنفسي (دراسة ميدانية بإحدى قرى محافظة المنيا)40942627788410.21608/ajar.2022.277884ENE. A.AliDepartment of Rural Family Development, College of Home Economics, Al- Azhar University, Tanta, Egypt.H. M.El-letheyDepartment of Rural Family Development, College of Home Economics, Al- Azhar University, Tanta, Egypt.Journal Article20220901The research aimed to study the future anxiety of the university youth and its relationship to social and psychological adaptation, and the significance of the relationship between the studied independent variables and social and psychological adaptation. A regular random sample of university rural youth was taken from the village of Al-Berjaya in the district of Al-Minya, Al-Minya governorate. The sample size was (361) respondents (boys and girls). The results of the study can be summarized as follows: The level of anxiety dimensions for the respondents was recorded in two categories; medium and high, except for social anxiety that was recorded in the low category. Additionally, it was found that each of the seven independent variables (which are the father’s educational level, the mother’s educational level, the monthly income of the family, religiosity, ambition, academic achievement anxiety, and occupational anxiety) makes a unique significant contribution in explaining the variation in the degree of social adaptation and is in the positive direction. The coefficient of determination indicates that the seven variables together explain 41.2% of the variance in the degree of social adaptation. It is also clear that the seven independent variables (which are the number of members of the living unit, the educational level of the father, religiosity, ambition, academic achievement anxiety, occupational anxiety, and social anxiety) make a unique significant contribution in the interpretation of the degree of psychological adaptation. The number of members of the living unit, the educational level of the father, religiosity, and ambition are in the positive direction, while academic achievement anxiety, occupational anxiety, and social anxiety are in the negative direction. The coefficient of determination indicates that the seven variables together explain 18.8% of the variance in the degree of psychological adaptation.https://ajar.journals.ekb.eg/article_277884_a9f28003e2eadf8b3bc3a651cfab5839.pdfAl-Azhar University; Faculty of AgricultureAl-Azhar Journal of Agricultural Research1110-156347220221201Constraints Faced Application of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) From the Perspective of Workers in Agricultural Extension in Matrouh Governorateمعوقات تطبيق تكنولوجيا المعلومات والاتصالات من وجهة نظر العاملين في الإرشاد الزراعي بمحافظة مطروح42744527807310.21608/ajar.2022.278073ENH. M.ShafeyAgricultural Extension Department, Socio-Economic Studies Division, Desert Research Center, Cairo, EgyptM. A.El-SayedAgricultural Extension Department, Socio-Economic Studies Division, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20220902This research aimed to identifying The Constraints Faced Application of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) From the Perspective of Workers in Agricultural Extension in Matrouh Governorate by achieving the following objectives:1) Identify the degree of the respondents<strong>'</strong> use of (ICT) in agricultural extension work in the research area. 2) Identify the degree of effect of Obstacles to the Application of (ICT) to Agricultural Extension Workers in Agricultural Extension work in research area. 3) Determinate the relationship between the respondents<strong>'</strong> use of (ICT) and among the characteristics studied. 4) Determinate the relationship between the degree of effect of Obstacles to the Application of (ICT) to Agricultural Extension Workers in Agricultural Extension work in research area and among the characteristics studied. A simple random sample was selected from the files of Agricultural Extension Workers in Matrouh Governorate. The sample was (120) Agricultural Extension Workers representing (68.6%) from Agricultural Extension Workers. Data were collected through the personal interviews with the respondents during February to March 2022. To analyze the data in this research statistically, it has been used the numerical and tabular presentation of repetitive and percentages, the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, middle degree, and T-test. In addition to Pearson correlation coefficient to display some of the results that have been obtained by, using the computer program Statistical Package for the Social Sciences SPSS. The most important results were: The results showed that 95.0% of the respondents fall into the categories of low and medium use of (ICT) in agricultural extension work in the research area. The most important impediments against implementation of (ITC) were related to the work environment, than relate to internet, than related to the computerized, and finally on the humanities. A negative correlation relationship at the level (0.05) between the effect of Obstacles to the Application of (ICT) to Agricultural Extension Workers in Agricultural Extension work in research area and among of the independent variable: the number of family members. A positive correlation relationship at the level (0.01) between the effect of Obstacles to the Application of (ICT) to Agricultural Extension Workers in Agricultural Extension work in research area and among of the independent variables: source of agriculture information, Participation effectiveness in extension activates, and the degree of respondents' use of (ICT).https://ajar.journals.ekb.eg/article_278073_294daf2b5c24d44aa92fc48d68612c9b.pdf